Ibiranga ibicuruzwa

Abayobozi bari imbere cyane mubice bitandukanye byisoko rya analog

Muri IC igereranya, gucunga ingufu nisoko rinini hafi miliyari 21,6 US $ cyangwa 42%;isoko ryuruhererekane rwibimenyetso ni miliyari 14.3 US $ (28%) naho RF hamwe nandi masoko yibicuruzwa bigera kuri miliyari 15.8 US $, cyangwa 30%.Mu gice cyongera imbaraga, ibikoresho bya Texas bifite hafi kimwe cya gatatu cyisoko (29%), hamwe na ADENO ya kabiri (18%).Mu gice cyo guhindura amakuru, ADENO nuyoboye byimazeyo, kuri ubu afite kimwe cya kabiri cyisoko ryo guhindura amakuru (48%) kandi ifite umwanya muremure kubanywanyi bayo.Mu micungire y’ingufu, umuyobozi, Texas Instruments, afite kimwe cya kane cy isoko (21%), hamwe na Qualcomm (15%), ADENO (13%), Maxim (12%), na Infineon (10%) bafite a umugabane usa.

Uyu munsi, isoko yamanuka kumurongo wibimenyetso ifite umugabane muto wa elegitoroniki.muri 2015, epfo na ruguru ya op-amp yari ahanini mu itumanaho (36%) no mu nganda (33%), ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi bingana na 8% gusa.Isoko ryo hasi kumasoko ahindura amakuru nayo yaguzwe hejuru ya 50% kugurisha inganda, mugihe ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi byari 12% gusa.

Inganda za elegitoroniki, uko tubibona, yamye niterambere ryikoranabuhanga riterwa nibisabwa.Icyifuzo nyamukuru cyurunigi rwibimenyetso ni imikoranire, muminsi yambere yo guteza imbere chip analogi muri 60 na 70, iminyururu yerekana ibimenyetso ikoreshwa cyane cyane munsi yinganda, ibikoresho byinganda bihujwe na mudasobwa kimwe na sisitemu yindege, kugirango bikine y'ibikoresho by'inganda, ibikoresho by'indege n'imikoranire n'isi yo hanze.Kurugero, indege zifite ibyuma byinshi byifashishwa mu gufasha mu ndege, bigomba gutunganywa n’ibicuruzwa byerekana ibimenyetso mbere yo koherezwa muri sisitemu.Mugihe kimwe, ibicuruzwa byahujwe birashoboka kugabanya ingano nigiciro.Kubera iyo mpamvu, icyifuzo cy’urunigi rw’ibimenyetso mu nganda mu myaka ya za 1960 na 1970 cyatumye iterambere ry’ibihangange bigereranywa nka ADI na Texas Instruments.Mu myaka ya za 1980-2000, icyifuzo cyo gukorana mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi byagendaga byiyongera, kimwe niterambere ryikura ryikimenyetso cyamanuka muri elegitoroniki y’abaguzi.

Isoko rya elegitoroniki y’abaguzi rirangwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibicuruzwa byihuse hamwe n’ibiciro byihutirwa, bityo ugereranije n’ubusobanuro buhanitse bushakishwa n’isoko ry’inganda n’umuvuduko mwinshi ushakishwa n’isoko ry’itumanaho, icyifuzo ku isoko rya elegitoroniki y’abaguzi ni ku giciro gito kandi kigufi cyo gushushanya. , hamwe nibimenyetso byuruhererekane rwibicuruzwa bikwiranye no guhaza ibyifuzo kuruta ibyihariye.

Mu myaka icumi ishize, icyifuzo cya elegitoroniki y’abaguzi mu mikoranire cyagize uruhare ruto mu gukomeza kuzamura urwego rw’ibimenyetso.Nukuvuga, 1) duhereye kumikorere, imikorere ihuriweho na microcontrollers yashoboye kuzuza ibisabwa mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi.2) duhereye kubiciro, kubera imikorere ya terefone igendanwa yiyongereye, kongera kwishyira hamwe birashobora kugabanya neza gukoresha ingufu.3) uhereye ku gishushanyo mbonera, guhinduranya amakuru yihariye, nubwo imikorere irenze, ariko igoye ryibishushanyo mbonera bya sisitemu isabwa cyane, abakora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bakeneye gutekereza ku muvuduko wihuse, gukemura, gukoresha ingufu, nibindi bibazo, niba bose bakoresha ibimenyetso byihariye. urunigi rw'umunyururu, bizagorana guhuza nibisabwa byihuse ku isoko.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu myaka icumi ishize, ibicuruzwa byinshi byerekana ibimenyetso bya elegitoroniki y’abaguzi byinjijwe muri microcontrollers / SoCs, bituma habaho iterambere ry’imibare muri iri soko ryo hepfo y’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.

Impinduka mu kuvanga ibicuruzwa: imicungire yingufu zunguka iterambere ryabakoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ninganda

Kuva mu myaka ya za 90, umugabane wibicuruzwa byerekana ibimenyetso byagabanutse buhoro buhoro.mu 1981, ibikorwa byongera ingufu byakoraga 19% by'isoko rya chip analog, mu gihe muri 2018 iyi mibare yagabanutse kugera kuri 6% kandi isoko ryazamutse riva kuri miliyoni 200 gusa rigera kuri miliyari 3.5.Abahinduzi ba Digital-to-analog nabo, kuva 1981 kugeza 2018, umugabane wibihinduranya-bigereranya muburyo bwa chip byagabanutse uva kuri 19% ugera kuri 6%, naho isoko ryiyongera kuva kuri miliyoni 300 US $ ugera kuri miliyari 3.9 US $.

Ku rundi ruhande, amashanyarazi yo gucunga ingufu, yakuze vuba kuva mu myaka ya za 90, akura mu gice kinini cy’inganda zisa.mu 1981, isoko ryo gucunga amashanyarazi yari miliyoni 100 z'amadolari gusa, kandi uyumunsi, yazamutse mu nganda zingana na miliyari 25 z'amadolari.Umugabane wogucunga amashanyarazi mumasoko ya analog chip wiyongereye byihuse kuva kuri 8% muri 1981 na 9% muri 1995 ugera kuri 43% uyumunsi (2018).

Twizera ko ibyo biterwa no gukomeza gusabwa gucunga ingufu mu baguzi.Iterambere ryimbaraga nke, misa-nini, hamwe nibikoresho byikurura byatumye habaho iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rihindura imikorere nibisabwa.

Icyifuzo cyo kuzigama ingufu nke mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi bitera iterambere ryinganda zicunga amashanyarazi.Hiyongereyeho ibintu bishya kuri elegitoroniki y’abaguzi, amajwi, videwo, nibindi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bikomeza kuba ingorabahizi.Ntabwo ingufu zikoreshwa mubikoresho bya elegitoronike ziyongera gusa uko bwije n'uko bukeye, ariko umubare w’amashanyarazi akeneye gushyigikirwa nawo uragenda urushaho kwiyongera, bisaba ko imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zishobora kongera ingufu mu guhindura ingufu, kandi zikongera igihe cyo guhagarara mu gihe cyo kunoza kwishyira hamwe shyigikira voltage nyinshi.Byongeye kandi, nkuko iterambere ryubucucike bwamashanyarazi ya batiri ya lithium ryadindije, kuburyo rero inzira yonyine yo gushakisha intambwe yaturuka kuri chip yo gucunga amashanyarazi.Kubwibyo, iterambere ryibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi bikomeje gutwara inganda zikora chip kugirango zimenyekanishe imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi hamwe nibikorwa byinshi bigoye, gukora neza, hamwe nubunini buke, biteza imbere iterambere ryinganda zicunga amashanyarazi muri rusange.

Icyifuzo cyo kuzigama amashanyarazi mubikoresho binini bitwara amashanyarazi murwego rwinganda nabyo byatumye iterambere ryinganda zicunga amashanyarazi.Gukoresha ingufu mu nganda ahanini biva kuri moteri no kumurika.Moteri ni pompe, abafana, compressor, imashini zohereza, nibindi. Ingufu zikoreshwa na moteri zingana na 80% zikoreshwa ninganda.Kubwibyo rero, icyifuzo cyo kuzigama ingufu mu nganda cyatumye imiyoboro icunga amashanyarazi ikomeza kunoza imikorere ihinduka.Kurugero, ikoreshwa rya moteri ihindagurika-yihuta irashobora kuzigama kugera kuri 40% yingufu zikoreshwa, kandi gukoresha ibikoresho bitanga ingufu zingirakamaro birashobora kuzigama kugera kuri 35%, byose bigashyigikirwa na chip yo gucunga ingufu zateye imbere.

Mu bihe biri imbere, ibyifuzo bishya bizakomeza gutera imbere mu micungire y’ingufu, uhereye ku buryo bworoheje bworoshye bwo kugenzura amatara ya LED kugeza ku bisabwa byihariye by’umunsi uhindagurika kandi ugahindura amabara, ugashyira imbere ibisabwa bigoye kandi byubwenge kugenzura amashanyarazi.Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe kugirango bihuze nuburyo bugenda, ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi kuva adapter itanga amashanyarazi kugeza ingufu za bateri, bizana sisitemu nyinshi zikoreshwa na batiri.

Guhindura imishinga yubucuruzi: kuzamuka kwa chip-progaramu igabanya akamaro ko kwiyubaka wenyine

Imiterere yibisanzwe hamwe na progaramu ishingiye kuri analog chip irwanya muburyo bwo kohereza nubunini bwisoko.Kubijyanye nubunini bwoherejwe, umugabane wibisanzwe bigereranwa (64%) birarenze cyane ugereranije nibisanzwe bidasanzwe bigereranwa (36%), ariko kubijyanye nubunini bwisoko, nibisanzwe bidasanzwe bigereranya (62%) aribyo hejuru kurenza ibisanzwe bisa (38%).Sangira.

Twizera ko porogaramu ishingiye kuri analogi ihura nibisabwa byongerewe agaciro.Igishushanyo mbonera nubwubatsi nuburyo bubiri bwingenzi muburyo bwo kunoza imikorere mubikoresho bisa.Imashini isanzwe igereranwa irashyizwe hamwe, hamwe nibishushanyo bitandukanye cyane kuva mubukora kugeza kubabikora, bivamo agaciro gake.Irushanwa hagati yabakora rishingiye cyane kubikorwa n'ikoranabuhanga kandi bisaba fabs nyinshi ziyubakiye.

Chip isanzwe isanzwe ihura nibisabwa kubiciro bidahenze hamwe nubunini buke muri rusange bityo rero byibanda cyane kubikorwa.Igiciro gito kigerwaho cyane cyane mugabanya inzira ya chip kugirango igabanye ubugari bwumurongo, bityo igafasha ingano ntoya nigiciro gito hamwe nibikorwa bimwe.Mu minsi ya mbere, icyifuzo nyamukuru cyakoreshwaga cyagereranijwe ni icyuma gisanzwe-intego rusange, urugero, ADI yakusanyije ibyiza byingenzi binyuze mubushoramari bwihuse mu kubaka inganda muri 80 na 90.

Porogaramu-igereranya ikoreshwa rya chip yahuye nibikenewe bitandukanye, bityo byari byinshi-bishushanyije kandi byari bifite agaciro kiyongereye.Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, uko ibintu bigoye bya sisitemu ya elegitoroniki byagendaga byiyongera, kwihitiramo uburyo bwihariye bwigice runaka byabaye ingenzi cyane cyane murwego rwinganda aho abakiriya benshi bari bafite ibyifuzo bidahuye mubijyanye n'umuvuduko, ubunyangamugayo, kwishyira hamwe, igiciro, nubunini, bisaba abakora chip bakora analog kugirango bakore ubucuruzi kugirango bagere kubintu byiza muri rusange, byasabye abakozi ba R&D bafite uburambe gushushanya.Kubaka fab zabo kugirango bazamure inzira byabaye ingirakamaro kandi kubwibyo, nyuma ya 2000, ADI yakoresheje imari shingiro nkijanisha ryamafaranga yinjira yagabanutse cyane kandi chip nyinshi wasangaga hakoreshejwe ibishingwe bya TSMC.

Mugihe kizaza, porogaramu ishingiye kuri analog chip izatera imbere mubacuruzi badafite imigani.Kugaragara kw'ibishingwe nka TSMC na SMIC byafashije amasosiyete ya chip kwirinda umutwaro munini wo kubaka fab no kwibanda kuri chip ubwabo, biganisha ku gukora fabs nyinshi zidasanzwe (Fabless).Umushinga w’ibishushanyo mbonera by’Ubushinwa wavuye kuri miliyari 5.66 z’amadolari ya Amerika mu mwaka wa 2010 ugera kuri miliyari 24.75 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2016, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka wa 28%, naho umubare w’amasosiyete adafite imigozi wiyongereye uva kuri 569 muri 2012 ugera ku 1362 muri 2016. Mu bihe biri imbere, nku ibyifuzo bya chip-progaramu byiyongera mubikorwa bitandukanye, ibigo bidafite imbaraga bifite igishushanyo mbonera nubushobozi bwiterambere biteganijwe ko bigaragara.