Ibiranga ibicuruzwa

Urunigi rw'ibimenyetso no gucunga imbaraga: ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa analog chip

Ibicuruzwa byuruhererekane rwibimenyetso, bigizwe ahanini nibikorwa byongera imbaraga hamwe nabahindura amakuru, bikemura ibyifuzo byimikoranire.Muri sisitemu ivanze ya sisitemu-igereranya, uburyo bwuzuye bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso nuburyo bukurikira.

Sensors: Ibimenyetso bifatika bifatika biva hanze, mubisanzwe byumvikana, amashusho, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, igitutu, nibindi, bigurwa na sensor kandi bigahinduka mubimenyetso byigihe-bigereranya bihuye nibi bimenyetso bifatika, mubisanzwe muburyo bwa voltage / ikigezweho.

Amplifiers na filteri: Ibimenyetso bisa bitunganywa nibice byerekana ibimenyetso bigizwe na amplifier na filteri.Amplifier ikora kugirango yongere ibimenyetso bito, bidakomeye byerekana ibimenyetso byo kubihuza nurwego rwuzuye rwinjiza rwa ADC;muyunguruzi ikora cyane cyane kugirango igabanye ibimenyetso kugirango ihuze ibisabwa na theorem ya sample ya Nyquist.

Guhindura amakuru: ADC ihindura voltage yatunganijwe / ibimenyetso byubu muburyo bujyanye na digitale ihwanye, itangwa mugice cya digitale ikurikira kugirango itunganyirizwe.

Gutunganya ibikoresho bya digitale: Umubare wibikoresho bya digitale ubarwa muburyo bwa sisitemu yo gutunganya imibare (MCU, DSP, cyangwa FPGA), ubusanzwe ikoreshwa mugushira mubikorwa uburyo bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso bya algorithm.

Guhindura amakuru: Umubare wibikoresho bya digitale nyuma yo gutunganywa na sisitemu yo gutunganya sisitemu yoherejwe muri DAC, unyuzamo byongeye guhindurwa mubimenyetso bikomeza.

Akayunguruzo: Nkuko ikimenyetso cya DAC gisohoka kirimo "intambwe" ibice byinshi byinshyi, akayunguruzo gashya gakoreshwa mugushungura urusaku rwinshi, bikavamo ibimenyetso bisohoka byongeye kugaragara.

Icyingenzi muribi ni amplifier ikora kandi ihindura amakuru.

Ibikorwa byongera imbaraga ni "ibyingenzi byubaka byubaka" byumuzingi wa analog kandi bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwa porogaramu.Imikorere ya amplificateur ni amplificateur sisitemu yongeramo kandi igahuza ibimenyetso bisa kandi akenshi bikoreshwa muguhuza ibimenyetso bito, bidakomeye mubinini.Muri icyo gihe, ibikorwa byongera imbaraga ni ishingiro ryibikoresho byinshi bigereranywa, nkibikoresho bya digitale-bigereranya, ibiyobora-kuri-voltage ihindura, muyungurura, ibigereranya, hamwe nu murongo ugenzura.Birashobora kuvugwa ko ibikorwa byongera imbaraga ari "ibice byubaka byubaka" byumuzunguruko.

Guhindura amakuru ni ikiraro kiri hagati ya sisitemu na sisitemu kandi ni ngombwa.Guhindura analog-to-digitale (ADC) ishinzwe guhindura ibimenyetso bisa mubimenyetso bya digitale naho guhinduranya-kuri-analogi (DAC) ishinzwe guhindura ibimenyetso bya digitale mubimenyetso bisa.Sensors ihindura ubushyuhe nyabwo bwisi, igitutu, amajwi, nibindi mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi, ibyo bikaba ahanini ari ibimenyetso bisa kandi ntibishobora kumenyekana no gutunganywa na sisitemu ya sisitemu.Gusa binyuze muguhindura na ADC barashobora gufatwa no gutunganywa na MCU.Mubyongeyeho, abavuga, nibindi bakeneye ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso kugirango bakore, bityo DAC irakenewe kugirango uhindure ibimenyetso bya digitale bisohoka na sisitemu ya digitale mubimenyetso bisa.Kubwibyo, igihe cyose gutunganya digitale birimo, uhindura amakuru agomba kuba ahari.

Op-amps niyo shingiro ryibikoresho byinshi bisa, kurugero, muyunguruzi bigizwe na op-amps na résistoriste

Abahindura amakuru barimo abahindura imibare-bagereranya (DACs) hamwe na analog-to-digitale (ADCs)

Gucunga ingufu nibisabwa kumashanyarazi.Mugihe cyose sisitemu ya elegitoronike isaba amashanyarazi, ibikoresho rusange ni adaptateur, batteri, nibindi. Ukurikije ubwoko bwinjiza nibisohoka, turashobora gushyira abashinzwe amashanyarazi mubwoko 4 bwingenzi: AC-DC (rectifier), AC -AC (inverter, nibindi), DC-DC (chopper), na DC-AC (inverter).

Guhindura ikosora (AC-DC) ishinzwe cyane cyane guhindura ingufu za AC mumashanyarazi ya DC kandi usanga mubisanzwe muri adaptate yamashanyarazi kuri mudasobwa zigendanwa.

Guhindura AC-AC (AC-AC) bifite inshingano zo guhindura inshuro runaka yingufu za AC kurindi zindi zihoraho cyangwa zihinduka zingufu za AC.

Guhindura DC-DC (DC-DC) ihindura imbaraga za DC mubindi mbaraga za DC hamwe numurongo utandukanye, icyiciro, ikigezweho, na voltage biranga.

Inverters (DC-AC) ihindura ihindura imbaraga za DC mumashanyarazi ya AC, bamwe babita abahindura, kandi nibice byingenzi bigize AC isohoka ihinduranya amashanyarazi hamwe nimbaraga zitavogerwa (UPS).

Imiyoboro yo gucunga amashanyarazi ihuriweho nogucunga amashanyarazi ibikorwa byingenzi byingenzi ni kugenzura ingufu za voltage, kongera ingufu za voltage, guhora kumashanyarazi, guhinduranya AC-DC, nibindi. Bigabanijwe mumashanyarazi yumurongo (LDO), amashanyarazi-pompe (charger-pump) chip, DC -DC ihindura (DC-DC), AC-DC ihindura (AC-DC), imashini itwara LED, nibindi.Kurugero, abagenzuzi ba voltage bamanura umuyagankuba wa 220V hanyuma bagasohora ingufu za DC nkeya kugirango ikoreshwe muri mudasobwa yamakaye;Abashoferi ba LED bongerera ingufu imbere muri terefone igendanwa kugirango batware kamera.