Itsinda rya Yole hamwe na ATREG uyumunsi basubiramo amahirwe yinganda ziciriritse ku isi kugeza ubu bakaganira uburyo abakinnyi bakomeye bakeneye gushora imari kugirango babone urunigi rwabo hamwe nubushobozi bwa chip.
Mu myaka itanu ishize habaye impinduka zikomeye mu nganda zikora chip, nka Intel yatakaje ikamba ku bahanganye babiri bashya, Samsung na TSMC.Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe iperereza, Pierre Cambou, yaboneyeho umwanya wo kuganira ku miterere y’imiterere y’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi ku isi ndetse n’ihindagurika ryayo.
Mu biganiro byinshi, bavuze ku isoko ndetse n’iterambere ry’iterambere ryayo, ndetse n’ibidukikije ku isi ndetse n’uburyo amasosiyete ashobora gutanga isoko.Isesengura ry’ishoramari riheruka mu nganda n’ingamba z’abakinnyi bayobora inganda zerekanwe, ndetse no kuganira ku buryo amasosiyete akora imashanyarazi akomeza umurongo w’ibicuruzwa ku isi.
Ishoramari ku Isi
Isoko rusange rya semiconductor ku isi ryiyongera kuva ku gaciro ka miliyari 850 US $ muri 2021 rikagera kuri miliyari 913 US muri 2022.
Amerika ikomeza kugabana isoko rya 41% ；
Tayiwani, Ubushinwa bwiyongereye kuva kuri 15% muri 2021 bugera kuri 17% muri 2022 ；
Koreya y'Epfo yagabanutse kuva kuri 17% muri 2021 igera kuri 13% muri 2022 ；
Ubuyapani n'Uburayi ntibigihinduka - 11% na 9%, ；
Umugabane w'Ubushinwa wiyongereye uva kuri 4% muri 2021 ugera kuri 5% muri 2022.
Isoko ryibikoresho bya semiconductor ryiyongera kuva kuri miliyari 555 US $ muri 2021 rikagera kuri miliyari 573 US $ 2022.
Umugabane w’isoko muri Amerika uva kuri 51% muri 2021 ugera kuri 53% muri 2022;
Koreya y'Epfo yagabanutse kuva kuri 22% muri 2021 igera kuri 18% muri 2022;
Umugabane w’isoko ry’Ubuyapani wiyongereye uva kuri 8% muri 2021 ugera kuri 9% muri 2022;
Umugabane w'Ubushinwa wiyongereye uva kuri 5% muri 2021 ugera kuri 6% muri 2022;
Tayiwani n'Uburayi ntibigihinduka kuri 5% na 9%.
Nyamara, izamuka ry’umugabane w’isoko ry’amasosiyete y’ibikoresho bya semiconductor yo muri Amerika rigenda ryangirika buhoro buhoro agaciro kongerewe agaciro, hamwe n’inyongeragaciro ku isi yagabanutse kugera kuri 32% mu 2022. Hagati aho, hagati y’Ubushinwa bwashyizeho gahunda y’iterambere ifite agaciro ka miliyari 143 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2025.
Amategeko yo muri Amerika na EU
Itegeko ry’Amerika muri Chip na Science, ryemejwe muri Kanama 2022, rizatanga miliyari 53 z’amadolari y’umwihariko kugira ngo zongere ubushakashatsi n’inganda.
Itegeko rya CHIPS ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) ryatowe muri Mata 2023, ritanga inkunga ingana na miliyari 47 z’amadolari y’Amerika, hamwe n’igabanywa ry’Amerika, rishobora gutanga gahunda ya miliyari 100 z'amadolari ya Amerika, 53/47% US / EU.
Mu myaka ibiri ishize, abakora chip ku isi bagiye bakora amatangazo yishoramari ya fab kugirango bakurure inkunga ya CHIPS Act.Ugereranije isosiyete nshya yo muri Amerika Wolfspeed yatangaje ishoramari rya miliyari 5 z'amadolari mu ruganda rwayo rwa 200mm silicon karbide (SiC) rwagati muri Massinami hafi ya Utica, New York, rutangira kubyazwa umusaruro muri Mata 2022. Intel, TSMC, IBM, Samsung, Micron Technology na Texas Ibikoresho byatangiye kandi ibyo ATREG isobanura nko kwagura fab mu rwego rwo kubona agace k'amafaranga yatanzwe muri Amerika.
Ibigo byo muri Amerika bifite 60% by ishoramari ryigihugu muri semiconductor.
Ishoramari ritaziguye ry’amahanga (DFI) ni ryo risigaye, nk'uko byatangajwe na Pierre Kambou, umusesenguzi mukuru muri Yole Intelligence.TSMC ishora miliyari 40 z'amadolari mu kubaka fab muri Arizona ni imwe mu zikomeye, ikurikirwa na Samsung (miliyari 25 $), SK Hynix (miliyari 15 $), NXP (miliyari 2.6 $), Bosch (miliyari 1.5 $) na X-Fab (miliyoni 200 $) .
Guverinoma ya Amerika ntabwo ishaka gutera inkunga umushinga wose, ariko izatanga inkunga ihwanye na 5% kugeza 15% by'amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu mushinga w'ikigo, amafaranga atateganijwe kurenga 35% y'ibiciro.Isosiyete irashobora kandi gusaba inguzanyo yimisoro kugirango yishyure 25% yikiguzi cyumushinga.Rothrock yagize ati: "Kugeza ubu, ibihugu 20 byo muri Amerika bimaze gushora miliyari zisaga 210 z'amadolari mu ishoramari ry’abikorera kuva itegeko rya CHIPS ryashyirwaho umukono.""Ihamagarwa rya mbere ry’amategeko agenga porogaramu ya CHIPS rifungura mu mpera za Gashyantare 2023 kugira ngo imishinga yo kubaka, kwagura cyangwa kuvugurura ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bigamije kubyaza umusaruro icyicaro gikuru, icy'iki gihe ndetse n’icyiciro cya kabiri gikuze, harimo na wafer y'imbere-iherezo. umusaruro n'ibiti byo gutekera inyuma. "
"Muri EU, Intel irateganya kubaka fab miliyari 20 z'amadolari i Magdeburg, mu Budage, hamwe na miliyari 5 z'amadolari yo gupakira no gupima muri Polonye. Ubufatanye hagati ya STMicroelectronics na GlobalFoundries nabwo buzabona ishoramari rya miliyari 7 z'amadolari muri fab nshya mu Bufaransa. Muri hiyongereyeho, TSMC, Bosch, NXP na Infineon baraganira ku bufatanye bwa miliyari 11 z'amadolari. "Cambou yongeyeho.
IDM kandi ishora imari mu Burayi kandi Infineon Technologies yatangije umushinga wa miliyari 5 z'amadolari i Dresden, mu Budage.Cambou ati: "Amasosiyete y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi angana na 15% by’ishoramari ryatangajwe mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. DFI ni 85%".
Ubwo yasuzumaga amatangazo yaturutse muri Koreya y'Epfo na Tayiwani, Cambou yanzuye avuga ko Amerika izakira 26% by'ishoramari rikoreshwa ku isi yose hamwe na EU 8%, avuga ko ibyo bituma Amerika igenzura urwego rw’ibicuruzwa byayo, ariko bikaba bitubahirije intego z’Uburayi yo kugenzura 20% yubushobozi bwisi yose muri 2030.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jul-09-2023