Imashini zingahe ziri mumodoka?

Imashini zingahe ziri mumodoka?Cyangwa, imodoka ikeneye chip zingahe?

Tuvugishije ukuri, biragoye gusubiza.Kuberako biterwa nigishushanyo cyimodoka ubwayo.Buri modoka ikenera umubare utandukanye wa chip, nkibice icumi kugeza kuri magana, nkibihumbi cyangwa ibihumbi.Hamwe niterambere ryubwenge bwimodoka, ubwoko bwa chip nabwo bwazamutse buva kuri 40 bugera kuri 150.

Imashini zitwara ibinyabiziga, kimwe n'ubwonko bw'umuntu, zishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitanu kubikorwa: kubara, imyumvire, gukora, itumanaho, kubika no gutanga ingufu.

Ibindi bigabanijwe, birashobora kugabanywa kugenzura chip, chip yo kubara, chip sensing, chip itumanaho,chip yo kwibuka, umutekano wumutekano, chip power,chip, gucunga ingufu chip ibyiciro icyenda.

Imodoka chip ibyiciro icyenda:

1. Igenzura rya chip:MCU, SOC

Intambwe yambere yo gusobanukirwa ibyuma bya elegitoroniki ni ugusobanukirwa igikoresho cya elegitoroniki.ECU irashobora kuvugwa ko ari mudasobwa yashyizwemo igenzura sisitemu nkuru yimodoka.Muri byo, MCU iri mu ndege irashobora kwitwa ubwonko bwo kubara imodoka ECU, ishinzwe kubara no gutunganya amakuru atandukanye.

Ubusanzwe, ECU mu modoka ishinzwe imirimo itandukanye, ifite MCU nk'uko Deppon Securities ibitangaza.Hashobora kubaho kandi aho ECU imwe ifite MCUS ebyiri.

MCUS ihwanye na 30% yumubare wibikoresho bya semiconductor bikoreshwa mumodoka, kandi byibuze 70 birasabwa kuri buri modoka thejuru ya chip ya MCU.

2. Chip computing: CPU, GPU

Ubusanzwe CPU nicyo kigo kigenzura kuri chip ya SoC.Ibyiza byayo biri muri gahunda, kuyobora no guhuza ubushobozi.Nyamara, CPU ifite ibice bike byo kubara kandi ntishobora guhura numubare munini ugereranije byoroshye imirimo yo kubara.Kubwibyo, gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga SoC mubisanzwe bikenera guhuza Xpus imwe cyangwa nyinshi hiyongereyeho CPU kugirango irangize kubara AI.

3. Chip yamashanyarazi: IGBT, karbide ya silicon, imbaraga MOSFET

Imbaraga za semiconductor nizo ntandaro yo guhindura ingufu zamashanyarazi no kugenzura imashanyarazi mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, bikoreshwa cyane cyane muguhindura voltage ninshuro mubikoresho bya elegitoronike, DC na AC.

Dufashe ingufu MOSFET nk'urugero, dukurikije amakuru, mu binyabiziga gakondo bya peteroli, ingano ya MOSFET y’umuvuduko muke kuri buri kinyabiziga igera ku 100. Mu binyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, ikigereranyo cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi aciriritse na MOSFET kuri buri kinyabiziga cyiyongereye kugera kuri byinshi kurenza 200. Mugihe kizaza, ikoreshwa rya MOSFET kuri buri modoka muburyo bwo hagati no murwego rwohejuru biteganijwe ko ryiyongera kugera kuri 400.

4. Chip y'itumanaho: selile, WLAN, LIN, V2X, UWB, CAN, aho satelite ihagaze, NFC, Bluetooth, ETC, Ethernet nibindi;

Chip y'itumanaho irashobora kugabanywa mu itumanaho ryitumanaho no gutumanaho bidafite umugozi.

Itumanaho ryakoreshejwe rikoreshwa cyane cyane muburyo bwo kohereza amakuru hagati yibikoresho mumodoka.

Itumanaho ridafite insinga rishobora kumenya isano iri hagati yimodoka n imodoka, imodoka nabantu, imodoka nibikoresho, imodoka nibidukikije.

Muri byo, umubare wa transcevers ni munini, ukurikije amakuru y’inganda, impuzandengo ya CAN / LIN ikoreshwa ryimodoka byibuze 70-80, kandi imodoka zimwe zishobora gukora zirenga 100, cyangwa zirenga 200.

5. Chip yibuka: DRAM, NOR FLASH, EEPROM, SRAM, NAND FLASH

Chip yibuka yimodoka ikoreshwa cyane cyane kubika porogaramu zitandukanye namakuru yimodoka.

Nk’uko byemejwe n’uruganda rukora imashanyarazi muri Koreya yepfo ku cyifuzo cya DRAM ku modoka zitwara abantu zifite ubwenge, bivugwa ko imodoka ikenera cyane DRAM / NAND Flash igera kuri 151GB / 2TB, hamwe n’icyiciro cyo kwerekana hamwe na ADAS yigenga. sisitemu yo gutwara ifite ikoreshwa ryinshi rya chip yo kwibuka.

6. Imbaraga / Analog chip: SBC, impera yimbere, DC / DC, kwigunga kwa digitale, DC / AC

Analog chip ni ikiraro gihuza isi nyayo nisi ya digitale, cyane cyane yerekeza kumuzingo ugereranya ugizwe no guhangana, capacitor, transistor, nibindi byahujwe hamwe kugirango bikore ibimenyetso bikomeza byerekana ibimenyetso (nk'ijwi, urumuri, ubushyuhe, nibindi .) umuzenguruko.

Nk’uko imibare ya Oppenheimer ibigaragaza, imiyoboro ya analogi igera kuri 29% ya chipi yimodoka, muri zo 53% ni ibimenyetso byerekana urunigi naho 47% ni imiyoboro yo gucunga ingufu.

7. Chip yumushoferi: umushoferi wo hejuru, umushoferi wo hasi, LED / kwerekana, umushoferi urwego rwumuryango, ikiraro, abandi bashoferi, nibindi

Muri sisitemu ya elegitoroniki yimodoka, hariho inzira ebyiri zingenzi zo gutwara umutwaro: disiki yo hepfo hamwe na disiki ndende.

Disiki zo murwego rwo hejuru zikoreshwa cyane mubyicaro, kumurika, nabafana.

Disiki yo hepfo ikoreshwa kuri moteri, ubushyuhe, nibindi.

Dufashe ikinyabiziga cyigenga muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika nkurugero, gusa umugenzuzi wimbere wumubiri wimbere washyizweho hamwe na chip 21 zo hejuru zo hejuru, kandi ibinyabiziga birenga 35.

8. Chip ya Sensor: ultrasonic, ishusho, ijwi, laser, kugendagenda kutagira ingano, milimetero umuraba, igikumwe, infragre, voltage, ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe, ubuhehere, umwanya, igitutu.

Imashini zikoresha amamodoka zirashobora kugabanywamo ibice byumubiri hamwe nubushakashatsi bwibidukikije.

Mu mikorere yimodoka, sensor yimodoka irashobora kwegeranya imiterere yumubiri (nkubushyuhe, umuvuduko, umwanya, umuvuduko, nibindi) hamwe namakuru y’ibidukikije, kandi igahindura amakuru yakusanyirijwe mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi kugirango byoherezwe murwego rushinzwe kugenzura ikigo cya imodoka.

Dukurikije amakuru, biteganijwe ko imodoka yo mu rwego rwa 2 ifite ubwenge yo gutwara ibinyabiziga bitwara sensor esheshatu, naho L5 biteganijwe ko izatwara ibyuma 32.

9. Chip yumutekano: T-Box / V2X chip yumutekano, chip yumutekano eSIM / eSAM

Imashini yumutekano wimodoka ni ubwoko bwumuzunguruko hamwe na imbere ya cryptographic algorithm imbere hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyo kurwanya ibitero.

Uyu munsi, hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryimodoka zifite ubwenge, umubare wibikoresho bya elegitoronike mumodoka byanze bikunze uziyongera, kandi biterwa nubwiyongere bwumubare wa chip.

Dukurikije amakuru yatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’abashinwa bakora inganda z’imodoka, umubare w’imodoka zisabwa ku binyabiziga gakondo ni 600-700, umubare w’imodoka zisabwa ku binyabiziga by’amashanyarazi uziyongera kugera kuri 1600 / ibinyabiziga, ndetse n’ibikenerwa kuri chip ibinyabiziga byubwenge buhanitse biteganijwe kwiyongera kugeza 3000 / ibinyabiziga.

Birashobora kuvugwa ko imodoka igezweho imeze nka mudasobwa nini ku ruzigals.