Mu myaka ibiri ishize, isoko rya semiconductor ryagize ibihe bitigeze bibaho, ariko guhera mu gice cya kabiri cyuyu mwaka, icyifuzo cyahindutse kugabanuka kandi gihura nigihe cyo guhagarara.Ntabwo ari kwibuka gusa, ahubwo na fondasiyo ya wafer hamwe n’amasosiyete akora imashini ya semiconductor yibasiwe n’umuyaga ukonje, kandi isoko rya semiconductor rishobora "guhindura iterambere" umwaka utaha.Ni muri urwo rwego, amasosiyete akora inganda za semiconductor yatangiye kugabanya ishoramari mu bigo no gukenyera umukandara;Tangira kwirinda ibibazo.
1. Igurishwa rya semiconductor kwisi yose kwiyongera nabi 4.1% umwaka utaha
Uyu mwaka, isoko rya semiconductor ryahindutse byihuse kuva mubyuka bihinduka kandi bigenda mubihe byimpinduka zikomeye kuruta mbere hose.
Kuva mu 2020 ,.isoko rya semiconductor, yishimiye gutera imbere kubera guhagarika amasoko hamwe nizindi mpamvu, yinjiye mugihe cyubukonje bukabije mugice cya kabiri cyuyu mwaka.Nk’uko SIA ibigaragaza, muri Nzeri igurishwa rya semiconductor ku isi ryari miliyari 47 z'amadolari, wagabanutseho 3% ugereranije n'ukwezi kumwe umwaka ushize.Nibintu byambere byagurishijwe mumyaka ibiri n'amezi umunani kuva Mutarama 2020.
Hamwe nibi ntangiriro, biteganijwe ko kugurisha isoko rya semiconductor ku isi biziyongera cyane muri uyu mwaka kandi bizamura iterambere umwaka utaha.Mu mpera z'Ugushyingo uyu mwaka, WSTS yatangaje ko isoko rya semiconductor ku isi riteganijwe kwiyongera ku gipimo cya 4.4% ugereranije n'umwaka ushize, rikagera kuri miliyari 580.1 z'amadolari y'Amerika.Ibi bitandukanye cyane no kwiyongera kwumwaka ushize 26.2% kugurisha icya kabiri.
Biteganijwe ko igurishwa rya semiconductor ku isi rizagera kuri miliyari 556.5 z'amadolari y'umwaka utaha, ukamanuka 4.1 ku ijana ugereranyije n'uyu mwaka.Muri Kanama honyine, WSTS yahanuye ko kugurisha isoko rya semiconductor biziyongera ku gipimo cya 4,6% umwaka utaha, ariko bigaruka ku biteganijwe nabi mu mezi 3.
Kugabanuka kw'igurisha rya semiconductor byatewe no kugabanuka kw'ibikoresho byo mu rugo, TV, telefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, n'ibindi bicuruzwa bifasha, byari bikenewe cyane.Igihe kimwe, kuberaIfaranga ry’isi yose, icyorezo gishya cy'ikamba, intambara y'Uburusiya na Ukraine, kwiyongera kw'inyungu n'izindi mpamvu, ubushake bw'abaguzi bwo kugura buragabanuka, kandi isoko ry'abaguzi rifite igihe cyo guhagarara.
By'umwihariko, kugurisha ibikoresho bya semiconductor byagabanutse cyane.Igurishwa ry'urwibutso ryaragabanutseho 12,6 ku ijana muri uyu mwaka kuva mu mwaka ushize ugera kuri miliyari 134.4 z'amadolari, bikaba biteganijwe ko umwaka utaha uzagabanukaho 17%.
Micron Technology iri ku mwanya wa gatatu mu mugabane wa DARM, yatangaje ku ya 22 ko mu gihembwe cya mbere (Nzeri-Ugushyingo 2022) itangazo ry’ibisubizo, igihombo cy’ibikorwa cyageze kuri miliyoni 290 z'amadolari y'Amerika.Isosiyete irahanura igihombo kinini mu gihembwe cya kabiri cy’ingengo y’imari 2023 kugeza Gashyantare umwaka utaha.
Ibindi bihangange bibiri byo kwibuka, Samsung Electronics na SK Hannix, birashoboka ko byagabanuka mugihembwe cya kane.Vuba aha, inganda z’imigabane zahanuye ko SK Hynix, ishingiye cyane ku kwibuka, izakoresha icyuho cy’amadolari arenga miliyoni 800 mu gihembwe cya kane cy’uyu mwaka.
Urebye uko isoko yibuka iriho, igiciro nyacyo nacyo kiragabanuka cyane.Nk’uko iki kigo kibitangaza, igiciro cy’ubucuruzi cyagenwe cya DRAM mu gihembwe cya gatatu cyaragabanutseho 10% kugeza kuri 15% ugereranije n’igihembwe gishize.Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu gihembwe cya gatatu, kugurisha DRAM ku isi byagabanutse kugera kuri miliyoni 18.187 z'amadolari, bikamanuka 28.9% ugereranije n’igihembwe gishize.Iri ni igabanuka rikomeye kuva ikibazo cy’imari ku isi cya 2008.
NAND flash yibuka nayo yararenze, mugihe impuzandengo yo kugurisha (ASP) mugihembwe cya gatatu yagabanutseho 18.3% ugereranije nigihembwe cyashize, naho kugurisha NAND kwisi yose mugihembwe cya gatatu cyuyu mwaka byari miliyoni 13.713.6, byagabanutseho 24.3% ugereranije nigihembwe gishize.
Isoko ryumushinga naryo ryarangije igihe cyo gukoresha ubushobozi 100%.Yagabanutse kugera kuri 90% mu gihembwe gishize kandi igera kuri 80% nyuma yo kwinjira mu gihembwe cya kane.TSMC, igihangange kinini ku isi, nayo ntisanzwe.Ibicuruzwa byabakiriya byikigo mugihembwe cya kane byagabanutseho 40 kugeza kuri 50% kuva umwaka watangiye.
Byumvikane ko ibarura ryibicuruzwa byashyizweho nka terefone zigendanwa, TV, tableti, hamwe n’amakaye ya PC byiyongereye, kandi ibarura rusange ry’amasosiyete ikora amashanyarazi mu gihembwe cya gatatu ryiyongereyeho hejuru ya 50% ugereranije n’igihembwe cya mbere.
Abantu bamwe bo mu nganda bemeza ko "kugeza mu gice cya kabiri cy'umwaka wa 2023, igihe cy'impeshyi nikigera, biteganijwe ko ibintu byifashe neza mu nganda zikoresha imashanyarazi."
2. Kugabanya ishoramari nubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro bizakemuraIkibazo cyo kubara IC
Nyuma yo kugabanuka kwicyifuzo cya semiconductor hamwe no kwegeranya ibarura, abatanga amasoko akomeye batangiye ibikorwa binini byo gukaza umurego kugabanya umusaruro no kugabanya ishoramari mubikoresho.Nk’uko ikigo cy’isesengura ry’isoko ryabanje IC Insights kibitangaza ngo umwaka utaha ishoramari ry’ibikoresho bya semiconductor ku isi rizaba munsi ya 19% ugereranije n’uyu mwaka, rizagera kuri miliyari 146,6.
SK Hynix mu itangazo ry’ibisubizo by’igihembwe cya gatatu mu kwezi gushize yavuze ko yafashe icyemezo cyo kugabanya igipimo cy’ishoramari hejuru ya 50% umwaka utaha ugereranije n’uyu mwaka.Micron yatangaje ko umwaka utaha bizagabanya ishoramari ry’ishoramari hejuru ya 30% bivuye kuri gahunda yambere kandi bigabanye abakozi 10%.Kioxia iri ku mwanya wa gatatu mu migabane ya NAND, yavuze kandi ko umusaruro wafer uzagabanukaho hafi 30% guhera mu Kwakira uyu mwaka.
Ku rundi ruhande, Samsung Electronics, ifite imigabane myinshi ku isoko ryo kwibuka, yavuze ko kugira ngo ishobore kugera ku gihe kirekire, itazagabanya ishoramari rya semiconductor, ahubwo izakomeza ikurikije gahunda.Ariko vuba aha, ukurikije uburyo bugenda bugabanuka mububiko bwibikorwa byo kwibuka hamwe nibiciro, Samsung Electronics nayo irashobora guhindura itangwa mugihembwe cyambere cyumwaka utaha.
Sisitemu ya semiconductor ninganda zikora inganda nazo zizagabanya ishoramari ryibikoresho.Ku ya 27, Intel yatanze gahunda yo kugabanya amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu bikorwa mu mwaka utaha miliyari 3 z'amadolari y'Amerika no kugabanya ingengo y’imari ingana na miliyari 8 z'amadorari kugeza kuri miliyari 10 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2025 mu itangazo ry’ibisubizo by’igihembwe cya gatatu.Ishoramari shoramari muri uyu mwaka riri munsi ya 8 ku ijana ugereranije na gahunda iriho.
TSMC yatangaje mu gihembwe cya gatatu cy’ibisubizo byatangajwe mu Kwakira ko igipimo cy’ishoramari ry'ibikorwa muri uyu mwaka giteganijwe kuba miliyari 40-44 z'amadolari mu ntangiriro z'umwaka, kugabanuka kurenga 10%.UMC yatangaje kandi ko igabanuka ry’ishoramari ry’ibikorwa riteganijwe kuva kuri miliyari 3.6 z’amadolari y’uyu mwaka.Bitewe no kugabanuka kwa vuba kwa FAB mu nganda zashingiweho, kugabanuka kwishoramari ryibikoresho umwaka utaha bisa nkaho byanze bikunze.
Hewlett-Packard na Dell, abakora mudasobwa nini ku isi, biteze ko icyifuzo cya mudasobwa bwite kizagabanuka kurushaho mu 2023. Dell yatangaje ko igabanuka rya 6% ry’amafaranga yinjira mu gihembwe cya gatatu, harimo 17% byagabanutse mu gice cyayo, kigurisha mudasobwa zigendanwa na Ibiro kubakiriya nubucuruzi bwabakiriya.
Umuyobozi mukuru wa HP, Enrique Lores, yavuze ko ibarura rya PC rishobora gukomeza kuba hejuru mu bihembwe bibiri biri imbere.Lores yagize ati: "Kuri ubu, dufite ibarura ryinshi, cyane cyane kuri PCS y'abaguzi, kandi turimo gukora kugira ngo tugabanye ibarura."
Umwanzuro:Abakora chip mpuzamahanga bashyira mugaciro mubikorwa byabo byubucuruzi muri 2023 kandi biteguye gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zo kugabanya ibiciro.Mugihe muri rusange ibyifuzo biteganijwe gukira mugice cya kabiri cyumwaka utaha, amasosiyete menshi atanga amasoko ntabwo azi neza aho yatangiriye ndetse n’aho yagarukira.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-09-2023