Muri Kanama 2022, amasosiyete umunani y’Abayapani, harimo Toyota, Sony, Kioxia, NEC, n’andi, yashinze Rapidus, ikipe y’igihugu cy’Ubuyapani ku gisekuru kizakurikiraho, hamwe n’inkunga ingana na miliyari 70 yen na guverinoma y’Ubuyapani.
"Rapidus" Ikilatini bisobanura "byihuse", Intego y'uru ruganda ni ukujyana na TSMC no kugera kuri gahunda ya 2nm muri 2027.
Inshingano ya nyuma yo kongera ingufu mu bucuruzi bw’icyuma cy’Ubuyapani ni isosiyete yashinzwe mu 2002, Billda, na Samsung nyuma yimyaka 10 nyuma yintambara, ni Abanyakoreya yepfo batsinzwe mu gihombo, ibintu bya nyuma byari Micron yapakiwe.
Mbere y’iturika ry’iryo soko rya terefone igendanwa, inganda zose za semiconductor zo mu Buyapani zari zijimye.Nkuko bivugwa, igihugu kibabaje abasizi, kandi guhomba kwa Elpida kwabaye ikintu cyo guhekenya inshuro nyinshi mu nganda, kandi havutse urukurikirane rwibitabo by’inkovu byerekanwa na "Lost Manufacturing".
Muri icyo gihe kimwe, abayobozi b'Abayapani bateguye gahunda nyinshi zo gufata no kubyutsa, ariko ntibabigeraho.
Nyuma ya 2010, icyiciro gishya cyiterambere mu nganda za semiconductor, isosiyete ikora chip yo mu Buyapani yahoze ifite ingufu hafi ya zose zidahari, inyungu zumurima na Amerika, Koreya yepfo na Tayiwani zose ziratandukanye.
Usibye uruganda rukora chip ya Kioxia, rumaze gushyirwaho umufuka na Bain Capital, amakarita ya nyuma asigaye mu nganda za chip yo mu Buyapani ni Sony na Renesas Electronics.
Mu myaka itatu ishize, icyorezo ku isi cyibasiwe no kugabanuka kw'ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki by’abaguzi byagombaga kuba intege nke mu nganda za chip.2023, inganda za semiconductor ku isi ziracyafite intege nke z’umuzenguruko, ariko Ubuyapani bwayoboye utundi turere twose muri Gashyantare, bufata iyambere mu kongera ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe, kandi birashoboka ko ari kariya karere konyine hanze y’Uburayi kageze ku iterambere. uyu mwaka.
Birashoboka ko ari ugusubirana kw'amasosiyete akora chip yo mu Buyapani, hamwe no gukenera umutekano wo gutanga amasoko, bigatuma havuka gahunda nini yo kubyutsa nyuma ya Elpida Rapidus, ubufatanye bwayo na IBM nabwo bufatwa nk "" Ubuyapani bwagarutse mu nganda zikora inganda za semiconductor zanyuma amahirwe, ariko kandi ni amahirwe meza. "
Byagendekeye bite uruganda rukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki kuva mu 2012, igihe Billda yahombye?
Kwiyubaka nyuma yibiza
Ihomba rya Billda mu mwaka wa 2012 ryabaye ikintu kidasanzwe, kibangikanye no gusenyuka kw’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi mu Buyapani, aho ibihangange bitatu Panasonic, Sony, na Sharp byateje igihombo, kandi Renesas yerekeje mu gihombo.Umutingito udasanzwe watewe n'iri gihombo nawo wazanye ibiza bigera kure mu nganda z'Ubuyapani:
Kimwe muri byo ni ukugabanuka kw'ikirango cya terefone: TV ya Sharp, icyuma gikonjesha cya Toshiba, imashini imesa ya Panasonic na terefone igendanwa ya Sony, ibihangange bya elegitoroniki y'abaguzi hafi ya byose byagabanutse kugira ngo bibe abatanga ibice.Ikibabaje cyane ni Sony, kamera, walkman, firime yamajwi na tereviziyo ibyo byiza byumushinga, umwe umwe mumunwa wa iPhone.
Iya kabiri ni ugusenyuka kwurwego rwo hejuru rwinganda: kuva kumwanya, kwibuka, kugeza gukora chip, birashobora gutsindwa urugamba nabanyakoreya batsinzwe ahanini.Bimaze kwica imashini yibuka yabayapani, hasigara gusa Toshiba itanga ingemwe, ibisubizo byuko Toshiba yahinduye inzitizi z’ingufu za kirimbuzi hamwe n’ingaruka z’uburiganya bw’amafaranga, ubucuruzi bwa flash memory bwiswe Kioxia, bugurishwa amarira kuri Bain Capital.
Gutekereza hamwe hamwe icyarimwe, urwego rw’abayapani n’inganda na rwo rwatangije ibikorwa byinshi byo kwiyubaka nyuma y’ibiza, ikintu cya mbere cyo kwiyubaka ni umuvandimwe wa Billda utoroshye: Renesas Electronics.
Kimwe na Billda, Electronics ya Renesas yahujije ubucuruzi bwa semiconductor ya NEC, Hitachi, na Mitsubishi usibye DRAM, irangiza imirimo yo kwishyira hamwe muri Mata 2010, itangira kuba sosiyete ya kane nini ku isi.
Mu Buyapani habuze igihe cya interineti igendanwa cyo kwicuza, Renesas yaguze cyane igice cya semiconductor ya Nokia, arateganya kuyihuza n'umurongo w’ibicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa, muri gari ya moshi ya nyuma y’umuvuduko wa terefone zifite ubwenge.
Ariko ikiguzi cy'amafaranga aremereye yo gukora itike ni igihombo cya buri kwezi cya miliyari 2 yen, kugeza mu mwaka wa 2011, icyorezo cya Fukushima cy’Ubuyapani impanuka ya mbere y’ingufu za kirimbuzi, cyibasiwe n’ikigo cy’ibikorwa by’uburemere bw’umwuzure wa Tayilande, igihombo cya Renesas kigeze kuri miliyari 62,6 yen, igice cya metero muri guhomba no guseswa.
Ikintu cya kabiri cyo kwiyubaka ni Sony, yigeze gufatwa na Jobs nk'icyitegererezo cy'inganda za elegitoroniki.
Inenge za Sony zirashobora gukemurwa no gusuzugura ubushobozi bwa software, nikimwe mubibazo bikunze kugaragara mubikorwa byubuyapani bya elegitoroniki.Ikirangantego cyacyo gihuriweho na Ericsson na telefone zigendanwa za Sony zavuzwe ko ari zo zikoresha telefone mbi z’abakoresha bafite ibikoresho byiza.
Muri 2017, Xperia XZ2P, ipima igice cya kilo, ni indunduro yibi "byuma".
Mu 2002, TV yubucuruzi yinkingi ya Sony yatangiye kwihanganira igihombo, Walkman yanizwe na iPod mu buryo butaziguye, ikurikirwa na kamera ya digitale, terefone zigendanwa umwe umwe yaguye ku gicaniro.2012, igihombo cya Sony cyageze kuri kalendari yumwaka urenga miliyari 456.6 yen, isoko ryagaciro ka miliyari 125 z'amadolari kuva hejuru ya 2000 ryaragabanutse kugera kuri miliyari 10 z'amadolari, kugurisha meme yinyubako nabyo byavukiye hano.
Nubwo ibigo byombi byugarijwe nuburwayi, muri 2012, iyi imaze kuba munsi yamakarita atabarika yinganda za elegitoroniki y’Ubuyapani.
Muri Mata 2012, Kazuo Hirai yatangiye imirimo nk'umuyobozi mukuru wa Sony, muri uko kwezi atangaza gahunda yo guhuza itsinda rya "One Sony".Umwaka urangiye, Renesas yakiriye inshinge ingana na miliyari 150 yen n’ikigo cy’inganda gishinzwe guhanga udushya mu Buyapani (INCJ), ikigega cya guverinoma, hamwe n’abakiriya umunani bakomeye barimo Toyota, Nissan, na Canon, maze batangaza ko buvugururwa. cy'ubucuruzi bwayo.
Ubuyapani bwa semiconductor buva mubitotsi byatangiye bidasubirwaho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-16-2023