Ibiranga ibicuruzwa

Undi urusimbi runini kuri chip igihangange

Intel ntabwo isa nkaho ibuze ubutwari bwo guca umugongo.

Niba uhinduye amaboko mugihe cya 1985, uzasanga Intel ifata icyemezo nkuyu munsi nkuko byagenze icyo gihe - gusohoka mububiko.

Imyaka mirongo itatu n'irindwi irashize, iki cyemezo cyo kuva ku isoko ryabitswe cyatumye Intel iza ku mwanya wa mbere mu rwego rwa microprocessor.Noneho nyuma yimyaka 37, ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ejo hazaza icyemezo kimwe kizazana Intel?

Kureka ububiko bwo gufata CPU ahantu hirengeye

Mu myaka 20 cyangwa itatu ishize, Intel yari ifite igenzura ryuzuye mubijyanye na microprocessor ya mudasobwa, yigeze gutwara ibice birenga 80% byumugabane wisi ku isoko rya mudasobwa bwite hamwe na chip ya seriveri, kandi umurima wa CPU wari mwiza cyane kuburyo abantu bigeze bibagirwa ko Intel Ubusanzwe yari uruganda rukora ububiko bwa semiconductor, isosiyete ya mbere kwisi yamamaye DRAM.

Yashinzwe mu 1968, ibicuruzwa bya mbere bya Intel byari bipolar itunganya 64-bit ya chip yibuka, yanditseho 3101, ikurikirwa nubushobozi bwa mbere bwo hejuru (256-bit) ibyuma bya okiside ya semiconductor yibuka, 1101, hamwe nubwa mbere bwa dinamike idasanzwe ifite ubushobozi ya 1KB, 1103. “1103 ″.Hamwe nigiciro kinini cyane / igipimo cyibikorwa, ibicuruzwa byo kubika Intel byari bike, kandi kugeza mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, Intel yari nyampinga mu murima wa DRAM.

Ariko rero, intambara yo mu Buyapani yatangiriye ni yo yakuye Intel ku ntebe y'ububiko bwa semiconductor.

Mu 1976, iyobowe na Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’inganda n’Ubuyapani (MITI), hamwe na Hitachi, Mitsubishi, Fujitsu, Toshiba, na NEC nk’inkingi y’ibigo bitanu bikomeye, Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Laboratoire y’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha amashanyarazi (EIL), Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’ikoranabuhanga mu Buyapani (JITRI) Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku buhanga bwa elegitoroniki n’ikigo cy’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga cya mudasobwa, bashinze “Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere rya VLSI”, bashora imari 72 VLSI Consortium yashinzwe n’ishoramari rya miliyari 72 yen kugira ngo bakore ubushakashatsi ku micungire iciriritse; tekinoroji yumuzunguruko.

Mu 1981, intambara nyayo hagati ya Amerika n'Ubuyapani yatangiye.Chip 3200 yatangijwe na Panasonic yabaye ifarashi yijimye mububiko, hamwe nigiciro gito kandi cyizewe kuruta chip ya Intel 8087, ihita ifata isoko ryamerika.Inganda zo kwibuka mu Buyapani zatumye igiciro cya chip yo kwibuka ya Intel kigabanuka kuva kuri $ 28 kugeza kuri $ 6 US mu gihe cyumwaka umwe, kandi isoko ryacyo ryaragabanutse kugera munsi ya 20%.1984 habaye gusenyuka mubikorwa bya Intel.

Mu 1985, Andy Grove yahisemo kureka imashini yibuka, ahindura intego yibikorwa bya Intel kuva muri chip yibuka yerekeza kuri CPU computing.Nibwo bwa mbere Intel yavuye ku isoko ryububiko, kandi iki cyemezo ni cyo cyatumye Intel ikomeza kwiganza ku isoko rya microprocessor ku isi.

Intel yari imaze gushyira ahagaragara microprocessor ya mbere kwisi, 4004, mu 1971;8080, yashimiwe ninzobere nkimwe muma microprocessor yatsinze ibihe byose, muri 1974;ubwubatsi bwa x86, ubu buzwi cyane, bwatangiye bwa mbere muri 8086 itunganya muri 1978;na 8088, byatangije ibihe bya microcomputer, mu 1979. Itunganywa rya 8088 ryatangije igihe cya za mudasobwa, ryatangijwe mu 1979. Nubwo iyi sosiyete yari imaze kwigaragaza mu murima wa microprocessor, chip yo kwibuka yari ikiri nyamukuru kuri Intel muricyo gihe, hamwe na microprocessor kuruhande gusa.

Nyuma yo gufata icyemezo cyo guhindura ibikorwa byayo mubucuruzi mu 1985, Intel yatangije urukurikirane rwibikorwa bya kera nka 80386, 80486, na Pentium (Pentium), muri byo 80386 niyo microprocessor ya mbere ya biti 32 kandi itunganya Pentium nimwe muribyinshi. tekinoroji y'ingenzi yo mu myaka ya za 90.Ku bufatanye na Microsoft, Intel yarangije kwiharira uwahoze ari umwami, IBM, maze iba umwami mushya w'isi ya PC, kandi kugeza na n'ubu nta muntu n'umwe mu nganda za PC washoboye guca Windows wongeyeho na Intel Wintel.

Iyanyuma yabaye nkuko twese tubizi, nkuko inganda za mudasobwa ku giti cye, zihagarariwe na PC, zimaze kumera kandi ziba intsinzi nini, ubucuruzi bwa microprocessor ya Intel bwashoboye gukuramo imbaraga maze Intel ikura kuva mubukora ibintu yibuka igera kuri chip hegemon.Mu gihembwe cya gatatu 2002, Intel umugabane wa isoko rya microprocessor ku isi wari 85.9 ku ijana.