Ibiranga ibicuruzwa

Ni ukubera iki chip yimodoka ibura umuraba wingenzi kugirango ihangane?

Uhereye kuri ubu isi itanga ibikoresho hamwe nibisabwa, ikibazo cyibura rya chip kiragoye kugikemura mugihe gito, ndetse kiziyongera, kandi imashini zikoresha amamodoka nizo zambere zihanganira.Bitandukanye nu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi, kuri ubu bikoreshwa cyane n’imashini zikoresha amamodoka, ingorane zayo zo kuyitunganya ni nyinshi, iya kabiri nyuma y’icyiciro cya gisirikare, kandi ubuzima bw’imodoka zo mu cyiciro cy’imodoka akenshi bugomba kugera ku myaka 15 cyangwa irenga, uruganda rukora imodoka mu ruganda rwatoranijwe. , kandi ntabwo bizasimburwa byoroshye.

Uhereye ku gipimo cy’isoko, igipimo cy’imodoka zikoresha amamodoka ku isi mu 2020 ni hafi miliyari 46 z'amadolari, bingana na 12% by’isoko rusange ry’isoko rusange, rito ugereranije n’itumanaho (harimo na terefone zigendanwa), PC, n'ibindi… Icyakora, ukurikije umuvuduko w’iterambere, IC Insights iteganya ko izamuka ry’imodoka ku isi ryiyongera ku kigero cya 14% muri 2016-2021, rikayobora umuvuduko w’iterambere mu bice byose by’inganda.

Chip yimodoka yongeye kugabanywamo MCU, IGBT, MOSFET, sensor, nibindi bice bya semiconductor.Mu binyabiziga bisanzwe bya lisansi, MCU igera kuri 23% yubunini bwagaciro.Mu binyabiziga bifite amashanyarazi meza, MCU ifite 11% byagaciro nyuma ya IGBT, chip yamashanyarazi.

Nkuko mubibona, abakinyi nyamukuru muri chip yimodoka kwisi yose igabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: abakora chip gakondo gakondo hamwe nabakora chip.Ahanini, ibikorwa byiri tsinda ryabakora bizagira uruhare rukomeye mubushobozi bwumusaruro wamasosiyete yimodoka yinyuma.Nyamara, mu bihe byashize, aba bayobozi bakuru batewe ingaruka nibintu bitandukanye byagize ingaruka ku itangwa rya chip, icyarimwe biganisha ku ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa bitangwa hamwe n'ubusumbane busabwa hirya no hino mu nganda.

Ku ya 5 Ugushyingo umwaka ushize, nyuma y’icyemezo cyafashwe n’ubuyobozi bwa STMicroelectronics (ST) cyo kudaha abakozi umushahara w’uyu mwaka, ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe atatu akomeye yo mu Bufaransa ST, CAD, CFDT, na CGT, yatangije imyigaragambyo ku nganda zose z’Abafaransa ST.Impamvu yo kutiyongera kw'imishahara yari ifitanye isano na New Coronavirus, icyorezo gikomeye mu Burayi muri Werurwe uyu mwaka, kandi mu rwego rwo gusubiza ibibazo by'abakozi bijyanye no kwandura New Coronavirus, ST yari yumvikanye na fab yo mu Bufaransa kugabanya umusaruro w'uruganda na 50%.Muri icyo gihe kandi byateje amafaranga menshi yo gukumira no kurwanya icyorezo.

Byongeye kandi, Infineon, NXP kubera ingaruka z’ubukonje bukabije bwo muri Amerika, uruganda rwa chip ruherereye muri Austin, muri Texas, kugira ngo rwuzuze burundu;uruganda rwa Renesas Electronics Naka (Umujyi wa Hitachi Naka, Perefegitura ya Ibaraki, Ubuyapani) rwangije cyane agace kangiritse ni umurongo wa santimetero 12 zo mu rwego rwo hejuru wa semiconductor wafer, umusaruro nyamukuru wa microprocessors kugirango ugenzure ibinyabiziga.Bigereranijwe ko bishobora gufata iminsi 100 kugirango chip isohoka kugirango igaruke mbere yumuriro.