Kuva mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19, sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi (bakunze kwita gride) niyo soko y'ibanze y'amashanyarazi ku isi.Iyo gride yaremye, ikora muburyo bworoshye - kubyara amashanyarazi no kohereza mumazu, inyubako, nahantu hose hakenewe amashanyarazi.
Ariko uko icyifuzo cyamashanyarazi cyiyongera, harakenewe gride ikora neza.Sisitemu igezweho ya "smart grid" sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ubu ikoreshwa kwisi yose yishingikiriza ku buhanga bugezweho kugira ngo imikorere irusheho kugenda neza.Uru rupapuro rugaragaza ibisobanuro bya gride yubwenge hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryingenzi rikora ubwenge.
Nikitekinoroji ya gride?
Urusobe rwubwenge nigikorwa cyo gukwirakwiza ingufu zitanga itumanaho ryuburyo bubiri hagati yabatanga serivisi nabakiriya.Tekinoroji ya digitale ituma tekinoroji ya gride ikora harimo imbaraga / ibyuma byifashishwa, ibyuma bigenzura, ibigo byamakuru na metero zubwenge.
Imiyoboro imwe yubwenge irusha izindi.Ibihugu byinshi byibanze cyane muguhindura imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza itagikoreshwa kuri gride yubwenge, ariko guhinduka biragoye kandi bizatwara imyaka cyangwa imyaka mirongo.
Ingero zikoranabuhanga rya gride yubuhanga hamwe nibikoresho bya gride yubwenge
Ibipimo byubwenge - Metero yubwenge nintambwe yambere yo kubaka gride yubwenge.Imetero yubwenge itanga ingingo-yo gukoresha amakuru yo gukoresha ingufu kubakiriya nabatanga umusaruro.Batanga ingufu zikoreshwa hamwe nibiciro byamakuru kugirango bamenyeshe abakoresha kugabanya imyanda yingufu kandi bafashe abatanga uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza imitwaro kuri gride.Imetero yubwenge muri rusange igizwe na sisitemu eshatu zingenzi: sisitemu yingufu zo gupima ingufu zikoreshwa, microcontroller yo gucunga ikoranabuhanga muri metero yubwenge, hamwe na sisitemu yitumanaho yohereza no kwakira ingufu zikoreshwa / amakuru yamakuru.Mubyongeyeho, metero zimwe zubwenge zirashobora kugira imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma (mugihe umurongo nyamukuru wo kugabura uri hasi) hamwe na GSM modules kugirango yerekane aho metero igenewe umutekano.
Ishoramari ryisi yose muri metero zubwenge ryikubye kabiri mumyaka icumi ishize.Muri 2014, ishoramari ngarukamwaka ku isi muri metero zifite ubwenge ni miliyoni 11 z'amadolari.Nk’uko Statista ibivuga, ishoramari rya metero zikoresha ubwenge ku isi rigera kuri miliyoni 21 z'amadolari muri 2019, urebye uburyo sisitemu yunguka mu gushyira mu bikorwa metero zifite ubwenge.
Kugenzura imitwaro yubwenge no gukwirakwiza - Mugihe metero zubwenge zishobora gutanga amakuru nyayo kubatanga serivisi, ntabwo bahita bagenzura ikwirakwizwa ryingufu.Kugirango utezimbere gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mugihe cyo gukoresha cyane cyangwa ahantu runaka, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bikoresha ibikoresho byo gucunga ingufu nkibikoresho byubwenge bwo kugenzura ibintu hamwe nububiko.Iri koranabuhanga rizigama ingufu nyinshi mukugabanya gukwirakwiza bitari ngombwa cyangwa guhita ucunga imizigo yarenze igihe cyemewe cyo gukoresha.Kugirango utezimbere gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mugihe cyo gukoresha cyane cyangwa ahantu runaka, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bikoresha ibikoresho byo gucunga ingufu nkibikoresho byubwenge bwo kugenzura ibintu hamwe nububiko.Iri koranabuhanga rizigama ingufu nyinshi mukugabanya gukwirakwiza bitari ngombwa cyangwa guhita ucunga imizigo yarenze igihe cyemewe cyo gukoresha.
Kurugero, umujyi wa Wadsworth, muri leta ya Ohio, ukoresha sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi yubatswe mu 1916. Umujyi wa Wadsworth wafatanije na Itron, uruganda rwaGuhindura imitwaro yubwenge.Automatisation ya Power Sisitemu - Automatic system sisitemu ikoreshwa na tekinoroji ya gride yubuhanga, ikoresheje ibikorwaremezo bigezweho bya IT kugirango igenzure buri murongo murwego rwo gukwirakwiza.Kurugero, sisitemu yingufu zikoresha ikoresha sisitemu yo gukusanya amakuru yubwenge (asa naya metero yubwenge), sisitemu yo kugenzura ingufu (nka sisitemu yo kugenzura imizigo yubwenge), ibikoresho byisesengura, sisitemu yo kubara, hamwe na sisitemu ya algorithm.Ihuriro ryibi bice byingenzi byemerera gride (cyangwa gride nyinshi) guhita ihindura kandi igatezimbere hamwe nimikoranire yabantu isabwa.
Gushyira mu bikorwa Smart Smart
Iyo digitale, uburyo bubiri bwo gutumanaho no gukoresha tekinoroji byashyizwe mubikorwa bya gride yubwenge, ibikorwa remezo byinshi bizahindura imikorere ya gride.Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Smart Grid ryatumye ibikorwa remezo bikurikira ：
1.Kwegereza abaturage ingufu
Kuberako gride yubwenge ishobora gukomeza gukurikirana no kugenzura ikwirakwizwa ryingufu, ntagikenewe uruganda runini rukora amashanyarazi.Ahubwo, amashanyarazi arashobora kubyara amashanyarazi menshi yegerejwe abaturage, nka turbine z'umuyaga, imirasire y'izuba, imirasire y'izuba ituye, ingomero nto z'amashanyarazi, nibindi.
2.Isoko ryacitsemo ibice
Ibikorwa remezo bya gride kandi bifasha guhuza imiyoboro myinshi nkuburyo bwo kugabana ubwenge muburyo bwa sisitemu gakondo.Kurugero, kera, amakomine yari afite ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kubyaza umusaruro bitajyanye namakomine aturanye.Hamwe nogushira mubikorwa remezo byogukoresha amashanyarazi, amakomine arashobora gutanga umusanzu muri gahunda yumusaruro uhuriweho kugirango ukureho umusaruro mugihe habaye umuriro.
3.Ikwirakwizwa rito
Imwe mumyanda minini yingufu muri gride ni ugukwirakwiza ingufu mumwanya muremure.Urebye ko imiyoboro yubwenge yegereza umusaruro umusaruro nisoko, intera yo gukwirakwiza net muri gride yubwenge iragabanuka cyane, bityo kugabanya imyanda yo kugabura.Tekereza nk'urugero, uruganda ruto rw'izuba rutanga 100% by'amashanyarazi akenewe ku manywa, ku birometero 1 gusa.Hatariho imirasire y'izuba yaho, abaturage barashobora gukenera kubona amashanyarazi mumashanyarazi manini kilometero 100.Igihombo cy'ingufu cyagaragaye mugihe cyoherejwe n’amashanyarazi ya kure gishobora kuba cyikubye inshuro ijana ugereranije n’igihombo cyoherejwe cyagaragaye mu mirima y’izuba.
4.Gukwirakwiza inzira ebyiri
Ku bijyanye n’imirasire y’izuba yaho, hashobora kubaho igihe umurima wizuba ushobora kubyara ingufu zirenze izabaturage bakoresha, bityo bigatuma ingufu zisaguka.Izi mbaraga zirenzeho zirashobora gukwirakwizwa muri gride yubwenge, ifasha kugabanya ibyifuzo bituruka kumashanyarazi ya kure.
Muri iki gihe, ingufu zituruka kumurima wizuba zikajya kumurongo wingenzi utari umuganda kumanywa, ariko iyo umurima wizuba udakora, ingufu ziva mumurongo munini ujya muri uwo muryango.Izi mbaraga zerekezo ebyiri zishobora gukurikiranwa no kunozwa nogukwirakwiza ingufu za algorithms kugirango harebwe niba ingufu nkeya zitakaza igihe icyo aricyo cyose mugihe cyo gukoresha.
Mubikorwa remezo byubwenge hamwe nibisaranganya bi-byerekezo hamwe no kwegereza abaturage imbibi za gride, abakoresha barashobora gukora nka generator.Kurugero, amazu kugiti cye arashobora kuba afite ibyuma byizuba byonyine bitanga amashanyarazi bitanga amashanyarazi mugihe bikoreshwa.Niba sisitemu yo guturamo ya PV itanga ingufu zirenze, izo mbaraga zirashobora kugezwa kuri gride nini, bikagabanya cyane ibikenerwa ninganda nini zishyizwe hamwe.
Akamaro ka Gride ya Smart
Kurwego rwa macroeconomic, gride yubwenge ningirakamaro mukugabanya gukoresha amashanyarazi.Abatanga ibikorwa byinshi byingirakamaro hamwe na leta batanga ingamba zitanga kandi zikaze kugirango bagire uruhare mu kwemeza imiyoboro ya interineti kuko ifite akamaro mu bidukikije no ku bidukikije.Mugukoresha gride yubwenge, umusaruro wingufu urashobora kwegerezwa abaturage, bityo bikuraho ingaruka ziterwa numuriro, kugabanya ibiciro byamashanyarazi, no gukuraho imyanda idakenewe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-15-2023