NUC975DK61Y - Imirongo ihuriweho, yashyizwemo, Microcontrollers - NUVOTON Corporation Corporation

1 Ibisobanuro bya Microcontroller

Nka microcontroller ni arithmetic logic unit, kwibuka, igihe / kubara, hamwe na sisitemu zitandukanye / O, nibindi byinjijwe muri chip, bigize sisitemu yibanze yo kubara, bizwi kandi nka microcomputer imwe.

Porogaramu mububiko bwa microcontroller ikoreshwa cyane hamwe nibikoresho bya microcontroller hamwe nu byuma bya periferique, itandukanijwe na software ya PC, kandi yitwa porogaramu ya microcontroller nka software.Mubisanzwe, microprocessor ni CPU kumurongo umwe uhuriweho, mugihe microcontroller ari CPU, ROM, RAM, VO, igihe, nibindi byose kumurongo umwe uhuriweho.Ugereranije na CPU, microcontroller ntabwo ifite imbaraga zo kubara cyane, ntanubwo ifite MemoryManaaement Unit, ituma microcontroller ishobora gukora gusa igenzura rimwe gusa kandi ryoroshye, logique, nibindi bikorwa, kandi rikoreshwa cyane mugucunga ibikoresho, gutunganya ibimenyetso bya sensor n'indi mirima, nk'ibikoresho bimwe byo murugo, ibikoresho byinganda, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, nibindi

2 Ibigize microcontroller

Microcontroller igizwe nibice byinshi: gutunganya hagati, kwibuka, no kwinjiza / ibisohoka:

-Umushinga wo hagati:

Igikorwa cyo hagati nicyo kintu cyibanze cya MCU, harimo ibice bibiri byingenzi byumukoresha nu mugenzuzi.

-Umukoresha

Umukoresha agizwe na arithmetic & logic unit (ALU), akusanya hamwe niyandikisha, nibindi. Uruhare rwa ALU nugukora imibare cyangwa imibare yumvikana kumakuru yinjira.ALU ishoboye kongeramo, gukuramo, guhuza, cyangwa kugereranya ingano yaya makuru yombi, hanyuma ikabika ibisubizo mubikusanya.

Umukoresha afite imirimo ibiri:

(1) Gukora ibikorwa bitandukanye byo kubara.

(2) Gukora ibikorwa bitandukanye byumvikana no gukora ibizamini byumvikana, nka test zeru zeru cyangwa kugereranya indangagaciro ebyiri.

Ibikorwa byose byakozwe nuwayikoresheje biyoborwa nibimenyetso byo kugenzura bivuye kumugenzuzi, kandi, mugihe ibikorwa byo kubara bitanga ibisubizo byimibare, ibikorwa byumvikana bitanga umwanzuro.

-Umugenzuzi

Umugenzuzi agizwe na compteur ya progaramu, igitabo cyabigenewe, amabwiriza ya decoder, imashini itanga igihe hamwe nuwashinzwe ibikorwa, nibindi. "Urwego rufata ibyemezo" rutanga amategeko, ni ukuvuga guhuza no kuyobora imikorere ya sisitemu ya microcomputer yose.Ibikorwa byayo byingenzi ni:

(1) Kugarura amabwiriza mumyibutsa no kwerekana aho amabwiriza akurikira yibuka.

.

(3) Kuyobora no kugenzura icyerekezo cyamakuru atembera hagati ya CPU, kwibuka, hamwe ninjiza nibisohoka.

Microprocessor ihuza ALU, ibara, iyandikisha kandi igenzura igice binyuze muri bisi y'imbere, kandi ihuza na memoire yo hanze no kwinjiza / gusohora ibice byimbere binyuze muri bisi yo hanze.Bisi yo hanze, nayo yitwa sisitemu ya bisi, igabanijwemo amakuru ya bisi DB, aderesi ya bisi AB na bisi igenzura CB, kandi ihujwe nibikoresho bitandukanye bya periferiya binyuze mumashanyarazi / asohoka.

-Urwibutso

Kwibuka birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: ububiko bwamakuru hamwe nububiko bwa porogaramu.

Ububiko bwamakuru bukoreshwa mukubika amakuru naho kubika porogaramu bikoreshwa mukubika porogaramu nibipimo.

-Iyinjiza / Ibisohoka -Guhuza cyangwa gutwara ibikoresho bitandukanye

Ibyiciro byitumanaho byitumanaho-guhanahana amakuru hagati ya MCU na periferi zitandukanye, nka UART, SPI, 12C, nibindi.

3 Ibyiciro bya Microcontroller

Ukurikije umubare wa bits, microcontrollers irashobora gushyirwa mubice: 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, na 32-bit.Mubikorwa bifatika, 32-biti kuri 55%, 8-biti kuri 43%, 4-biti 2%, na 16-bit kuri 1%

Birashobora kugaragara ko microcontrollers 32-bit na 8-bit ari zo zikoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe.
Itandukaniro mumibare ya bits ntirisobanura microprocessor nziza cyangwa mbi, ntabwo umubare munini wa bits ari mwiza microprocessor, kandi ntabwo ari munsi yumubare wa bits niko microprocessor iba mbi

8-bit MCUs zirahuzagurika;batanga progaramu yoroheje, ingufu zingirakamaro hamwe nubunini bwa pake (bamwe bafite pin esheshatu gusa).Ariko izi microcontrollers ntabwo zikoreshwa muburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa no gutumanaho.

Urusobe rusanzwe rwa protocole hamwe na software itumanaho ni 16- cyangwa 32-bit.Itumanaho ryitumanaho riraboneka kubikoresho bimwe 8-bito, ariko MCUs 16- na 32-bit ni byo guhitamo neza.Nubwo bimeze bityo, 8-bit MCUs ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura, kumva, hamwe na porogaramu ya interineti.

Mubyubatswe, microcontrollers irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: RISC (Kugabanya Amabwiriza Yashyizweho Mudasobwa) na CISC (Computer Instruction Set Computer).

RISC ni microprocessor ikora ubwoko buto bwamabwiriza ya mudasobwa kandi yatangiriye mu myaka ya za 1980 hamwe na MIPS nyamukuru (ni ukuvuga imashini za RISC), kandi microprocessor ikoreshwa mumashini ya RISC hamwe yitwa RISC itunganya.Muri ubu buryo, irashobora gukora ibikorwa kumuvuduko wihuse (miriyoni zindi mabwiriza kumasegonda, cyangwa MIPS).Kuberako mudasobwa zisaba tristoriste yinyongera nibintu byumuzunguruko kugirango ikore buri bwoko bwamabwiriza, nini nini yerekana amabwiriza ya mudasobwa ituma microprocessor igorana kandi igakora ibikorwa gahoro gahoro.

CISC ikubiyemo ibintu byinshi bya microinstructions byoroshya ishyirwaho rya porogaramu zikora kuri processor.Amabwiriza agizwe nururimi rwo guterana, kandi ibikorwa bimwe bisanzwe byashyizwe mubikorwa na software bishyirwa mubikorwa na sisitemu yo kwigisha ibyuma aho.Ibikorwa bya porogaramu rero biragabanuka cyane, kandi ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe byo hasi-ibikorwa cyangwa ibikorwa bitunganyirizwa icyarimwe muri buri gihe cyamabwiriza kugirango byongere umuvuduko wa mudasobwa, kandi iyi sisitemu yitwa sisitemu yubuyobozi igoye.

4 Incamake

Ikibazo gikomeye kubashinzwe ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki yumunsi ni ukubaka ibiciro bidahenze, bitarimo ibibazo, ndetse no mugihe byananiranye birashobora gukora sisitemu yimodoka, mumikorere yimodoka igenda itera imbere muriki gihe, microcontrollers biteganijwe ko izamura imikorere yimodoka igenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoronike.